Merkle tree

Aka: hash tree

A tree where every leaf node has the cryptographic hash and every parent node has the hash of its children nodes. This is used for data verification, especially common in peer-to-peer transmissions such as in BitTorrent or blockchain.

Similar

Tree
Hierarchical tree structure of nodes
Disjoint-set
Contains non-overlapping sets of elements
Trie
A k-ary search tree used for information retrieval such as autocomplete.
Treap
A probabilistic data structure that combines a heap and a binary search tree
Skip list
A probabilistic collection which combines features of sorted array and a linked list.
Zip Tree
A probabilistic binary search tree